What is a hydrocele testicle?
A hydrocele is a condition characterised by the accumulation of fluid in the sac that surrounds one or both testicles, leading to noticeable swelling. This condition can occur at any age but is most commonly seen in infants and older men. Understanding what a hydrocele is, and its impact is crucial for recognising symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment.
Hydroceles are generally painless, but as the swelling increases, it can lead to discomfort, difficulty walking, and even embarrassment. Although hydroceles often go away on their own, especially in infants with hydrocele at birth, persistent cases may require medical intervention, including hydrocele surgery to remove the hydrocele sac or perform hydrocele repair.
Common symptoms
Common symptoms of a hydrocele primarily include painless swelling in the scrotum. Most people notice the swelling but do not experience any pain, which is why it can sometimes be overlooked. However, as the hydrocele becomes larger, it may cause discomfort and, in some cases, pain, particularly in the scrotum.
Other symptoms, although rare, can include complications such as infection. Monitoring the swelling and seeking medical advice if there are any changes or additional symptoms is crucial. Recognising these symptoms early enables timely and appropriate treatment.
Causes of hydrocele
Hydroceles typically occur during foetal development when the tissue fails to completely block the opening into the scrotum. This developmental issue creates a thin membrane that allows fluid to accumulate around the testicles. Approximately 10% of male infants are born with hydroceles, and most of these cases resolve on their own within the first year of life.
In adults, hydroceles can develop due to injuries, inflammation, or other issues affecting the testicles.
Treatment options for hydrocele
Treatment options for hydrocele vary depending on the severity of the condition and your age. In some cases, particularly in infants, hydroceles resolve on their own without treatment. However, if the hydrocele causes discomfort or does not resolve, medical intervention may be needed.
The main treatment options are watchful waiting, needle aspiration, and surgery to repair (hydrocelectomy). Each method has its benefits and considerations, detailed in the following subsections.
Watchful waiting
Watchful waiting is often recommended for infant hydroceles, as many cases resolve within the first year of life. This approach involves regular monitoring to ensure the hydrocele does not worsen or cause complications.
In adults, watchful waiting may also be considered if the hydrocele is small and asymptomatic.
Hospital fee guide price: £1,270
Procedure price subject to bespoke quotation
*Additional consultant fee not included
Before surgery
Diagnosis process
Diagnosing a hydrocele typically starts with a physical assessment and a review of your medical history. This initial examination helps determine the presence of a hydrocele and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms. The process often involves a thorough physical exam of your scrotum and related areas.
If the initial examination suggests a hydrocele, additional tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes of scrotal swelling, such as inguinal hernias or tumours. These tests provide a precise diagnosis and guide the appropriate treatment plan for you.
Physical examination
During a physical examination, your healthcare provider checks for swelling in your scrotum and may perform a transillumination test to look for fluid. This involves shining a light through your scrotum to see if there is clear fluid surrounding the testicle, which is a key indicator of a hydrocele. The light test can reveal the presence of a fluid-filled sac, differentiating it from other possible scrotal masses.
The doctor may also apply pressure on your abdomen and scrotum to check for inguinal hernia and assess the external genitalia. This comprehensive examination accurately identifies hydroceles and determines any associated conditions requiring treatment.
Additional tests
If the physical exam suggests a hydrocele but the diagnosis remains unclear, an ultrasound may be performed. Ultrasound imaging helps assess underlying issues that could contribute to the swelling, such as hernias or tumours. This non-invasive test provides a detailed view of your scrotal area, ensuring that no other conditions are causing the symptoms.
These additional tests confirm the diagnosis of a hydrocele and rule out other possible causes of scrotal swelling. An accurate diagnosis determines the appropriate treatment plan and ensures the best outcomes for you.
Preparing for hydrocele surgery
Preparing for hydrocele surgery enhances your overall surgical experience and outcomes. Following pre-surgery instructions reduces the risk of complications and ensures a smooth procedure and recovery.
You are advised to arrive early on the day of surgery and bring necessary items as instructed by your healthcare provider. This preparation ensures everything goes smoothly on the day of the operation.
You must arrive at the hospital or surgical centre on the day of the procedure for final assessments. No food or drink is allowed for six hours before surgery to ensure safety during the procedure. Thoroughly washing your groin area with soap and water the day before and the morning of surgery minimises infection risks.
Avoid using an electric razor for hair removal; a single-blade disposable razor is preferred for safety. An anaesthetist may provide pre-medication before surgery for pain management. These steps ensure a safe and effective surgical procedure.
During surgery
An intravenous line is placed in your arm or hand to provide fluids and medications during surgery. Hydrocele surgery usually lasts around 30 minutes, and patients can return home the same day.
General anaesthesia is commonly used, inducing a deep sleep state for you during surgery. This ensures that you are comfortable and pain-free during the procedure. Feeling anxious before surgery, especially when it involves sensitive areas, is normal.
Arriving early allows time for pre-operative procedures and a final review of your health history by the healthcare provider. This thorough preparation ensures a smooth surgery and that you are well-cared for throughout the process.
Anaesthesia administration
Two common types of anaesthesia used during hydrocele surgery are spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia provides effective numbing, while general anaesthesia puts you into a deep sleep state. The choice of anaesthesia depends on your health and the surgeon’s recommendation.
You are closely monitored during anaesthesia to ensure a controlled and comfortable state throughout the procedure. This careful management ensures the surgery is pain-free and you remain stable during the operation.
Needle aspiration
Needle aspiration is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a needle into your scrotum to drain the excess fluid causing the hydrocele. This procedure is performed under local anaesthesia and usually done on an outpatient basis. The primary benefit of needle aspiration is the immediate relief of symptoms and quick recovery time, as it avoids the need for more invasive surgery.
However, needle aspiration has limitations, including fluid re-accumulation and failure to address the underlying issue. While it provides temporary relief, it may not be a permanent solution for all patients.
Surgical repair (hydrocelectomy)
Hydrocelectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the hydrocele sac around your testicle to prevent fluid buildup. This procedure is necessary if the hydrocele does not resolve after 12 months or causes significant discomfort, pain, or embarrassment. In older children, teens, or adults, hydrocelectomy may be recommended for these reasons.
The surgeon starts hydrocele surgery by making a small incision in your scrotum. This incision allows access to the hydrocele sac, which is then aspirated to remove the fluid. In some cases, the sac may be completely removed to prevent future fluid accumulation.
After draining the fluid, the surgeon may remove the hydrocele sac entirely. This step prevents the recurrence of the hydrocele. After dealing with the sac, the surgeon closes the incision using dissolvable stitches, which naturally dissolve as the wound heals, eliminating the need for stitch removal.
In cases affecting both testicles, a bilateral hydrocelectomy is performed.
Hydrocelectomy is the most effective treatment for hydroceles, especially when other methods like needle aspiration are unsuitable or have failed. This procedure ensures that the fluid does not re-accumulate, providing a permanent solution to the condition.
After surgery
Post-surgery care and recovery
Post-surgery care is crucial for a smooth recovery after hydrocele surgery. Most patients are discharged the same day, as hydrocelectomy is usually an outpatient procedure. The immediate post-surgery period and long-term recovery require careful attention to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.
Immediate post-surgery care
After hydrocele surgery, it is important to follow these post-operative care instructions:
- Apply ice packs to the surgical area for the first 24 hours to help manage pain and reduce swelling
- Expect some discomfort for a few days; painkillers will be provided to alleviate significant pain
- Wear supportive underwear or a jockstrap for up to a week after surgery to provide comfort and support to the healing area
Following these guidelines will aid in your recovery process.
You should avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities for two to four weeks post-surgery to prevent complications such as swelling. Bringing supportive undergarments for post-surgery comfort is advisable.
Following these immediate care guidelines is crucial for a swift and uneventful recovery.
Long-term recovery
Most individuals can start their regular activities two days following the hydrocelectomy, although heavy lifting and strenuous activities should be avoided during the initial recovery period. You can resume driving once you feel comfortable and capable of making an emergency stop. Long-term recovery includes occasional check-ups to ensure no recurrence and proper healing.
A follow-up exam might be necessary to check for hydrocele recurrence. These check-ups are important to ensure that the hydrocele has been effectively treated and to monitor the healing process. Understanding the long-term recovery process helps set realistic expectations and ensures a smooth transition back to everyday life.
Risks and complications
Every surgical procedure comes with potential risks and complications, and hydrocele surgery is no exception. Common side effects include swelling, bruising, and temporary discomfort. While these are generally mild and resolve on their own, it’s important to be aware of more serious complications that might arise.
Serious complications, although rare, can include infection, severe bleeding, and the recurrence of the hydrocele. Being informed about these risks and knowing when to seek medical advice is crucial for ensuring a safe recovery.
When to contact your healthcare provider
It’s essential to know when to contact your healthcare provider during the recovery period. Any unusual symptoms or changes in your condition should prompt you to seek medical advice. Early intervention can prevent complications and ensure a smooth recovery.
Monitoring your symptoms and understanding the warning signs of potential complications can help you take timely action. Knowing when to reach out to your healthcare provider is crucial for a successful recovery.
Appointment and Treatment Plan
Appointment
Based on your previous consultation with a doctor, an appointment will be arranged between you and your surgeon.
Treatment plan
During this appointment, you will review your medical history, discuss the details of the surgery and recovery process, and collaboratively decide if this procedure is a suitable option for you.
Pre-op assessment
If surgery is an option, then the surgeon and their team will thoroughly assess whether you’re right for the surgery. They’ll consider your current health, any previous issues, and other external matters.
Surgery
Prior to going through the surgery, our team will ensure that you’re prepped once again. If everything is confirmed, you’ll undergo the surgery and then we’ll explain the aftercare instructions.
Aftercare
If necessary, you’ll stay in a ward for a few hours to ensure that you’re ready to go home after the surgery. However, this may depend on the surgery outcome and whether you need moderate or light assistance.
Follow-Up
You’ll come in a few weeks later and we’ll give you one final check-over to ensure that you’re on track for recovery.
Experts
We are proud to provide patients with access to a wide range of clinicians, chosen specifically for their knowledge and reputation in their area of expertise. Our experts align with our values: putting you at the centre of your care and educating you on your options at each step of the journey. We encourage you to learn more about our clinicians and how they can help you below. As always, please contact our patient services team if you require any additional information.
We offer 3 ways to pay for your treatment
We exist to take the stress out of private healthcare.
Our payment options are designed to offer you easy access to our treatments and services. You can choose to pay on the day, spread the cost, or use your private medical insurance.
Our patient services team will guide you through the process, providing clear costs and support throughout your course of treatment so you can focus on the thing that matters most – your health.
Whether you pay in advance, spread the cost, or use your private medical insurance, rest assured you will be receiving exceptional care 365 days a year.
Pay in Advance
Even if you do not have medical insurance, you can still get quick and comprehensive access to private medical care.
We provide transparent pricing from your initial consultation to the completion of your treatment so you know where your stand, every step of the way.
We accept all major debit and credit cards, as well as Apple Pay for UK residents. Please note that we do not accept cash or cheques.
Pay monthly
Paying for your treatment at OSD Healthcare doesn’t need to mean settling the full cost in one go.
Many of our treatments have a pay monthly option that allows you to spread the cost of your treatment over 12 months with no credit checks required.
A minimum spend of £300 does apply. We’ll take your first payment upfront and then arrange a direct debit for your monthly payments thereafter. It’s that simple.
Pay using PMI
We are recognised by all major health insurance companies and with our extensive range of services, there are lots of benefits to using your insurance with us. Our patient services team is here to answer any questions you may have about using your private health insurance with us.
Please bring along your policy details including your scheme details, membership or policy number, expiry date and confirmation of eligibility to claim (i.e. your authorisation number). If you do not have these details with you, we will require payment from you on the day. Patients are liable for any amounts not settled by their insurer.
Hospital fee guide price: £1,270
Procedure price subject to bespoke quotation
*Additional consultant fee not included
FAQs
The recovery time for hydrocele surgery typically ranges from 10 to 14 days. It is essential to rest and avoid strenuous activities during this period to ensure proper healing.
A hydrocele is the accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding the testicle, causing swelling in the scrotum. This condition is typically benign and may require treatment if it causes discomfort or is associated with other complications.
Hydroceles typically present as a painless swelling in the scrotum, but larger cases may lead to discomfort or pain. It is important to monitor any changes and consult a healthcare professional if symptoms develop.
A hydrocele is diagnosed primarily through a physical examination, often supported by an ultrasound for confirmation. It is essential to seek medical evaluation for accurate diagnosis and management.
The primary treatment options for hydrocele are watchful waiting, needle aspiration, and surgical repair (hydrocelectomy). Depending on the severity and symptoms, your healthcare provider can help determine the most suitable approach for your situation.