Ankle Arthroscopy
Also known as: keyhole surgery of the ankle
Ankle arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows surgeons to diagnose and treat a range of conditions.
What is ankle arthroscopy?
Ankle arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows surgeons to diagnose and treat a range of conditions. Using a small, flexible camera called an arthroscope, the surgeon inserts it through tiny incisions to view and repair the inside of the joint.
When the cause of your ankle pain, swelling, or discomfort is not clear through other diagnostic methods like imaging or physical examination, arthroscopy can help identify and diagnose your condition. The procedure can also aim to correct and repair damage within the ankle joint due to issues such as impingement or arthritis.
Related conditions, indications, and benefits
If you’re experiencing chronic pain, swelling, instability, or stiffness in your ankle, the cause could be arthritis, a fracture, a sprain, or osteochondral damage. These issues can significantly affect your mobility and quality of life.
Ankle arthroscopy is a highly effective, minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows the surgeon to look directly inside the joint to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. It is commonly used to manage problems such as ankle impingement, ligament injuries, osteochondral lesions, cartilage damage, loose bodies in the joint, synovitis (inflammation of the joint lining), and arthritis affecting the ankle or big toe joints.
During the procedure, damaged cartilage can be repaired, scar tissue resulting from conditions like osteoarthritis can be removed, and debridement (the removal of unhealthy tissue) can be performed to restore better joint function. Arthroscopy is particularly beneficial for treating both acute injuries and long-term chronic damage.
One of the major advantages of ankle arthroscopy is that it typically results in less post-operative pain, faster recovery times, and minimal scarring compared to traditional open surgery. Because the technique uses small incisions, there is less disruption to surrounding tissues, allowing patients to regain mobility and return to their normal activities sooner. By addressing the root causes of symptoms such as ankle pain, swelling, and stiffness, ankle arthroscopy offers an effective path toward improved stability, reduced discomfort, and a better overall quality of life.
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Ways to payBefore surgery
You’ll meet with our orthopaedic consultant first. During this appointment, the surgeon will discuss your medical history, evaluate your physical health, and may order imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the condition of your ankle. If your consultant suggests that arthroscopy is right for you, and you decide to go down that route, you’ll need to follow pre-operative advice. This may include stopping eating or drinking for 8 hours prior, following a healthy diet in the time leading up to the operation, and ceasing any medication that may interfere. The surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia to ensure patient comfort. Regional anaesthesia may also be used to numb the leg and ankle area. Inform your consultant about all medicines you are taking, including supplements and herbs.
During surgery
When you undergo ankle arthroscopy, either a general or local anaesthetic will be used, depending on what was agreed during your consultation. Once the anaesthetic takes effect, the surgeon will begin by making a small incision in the affected area.
Ankle arthroscopy is a form of keyhole surgery (minimally invasive surgery). A thin fibre-optic camera, called an arthroscope, is inserted through the incision, allowing the surgical team to view a live image of the inside of your joint on a monitor. This gives a clear and detailed view of the joint’s condition and helps guide the surgery.
The surgeon may make additional small incisions to insert specialised instruments needed for treatment. These instruments are used to clean the joint, remove scar tissue, loose bodies, or inflamed tissue, and repair any damage to the cartilage, ligaments, or bone. Arthroscopy can also help identify conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or detect any structural problems within the joint.
Once the procedure is complete, the small incisions are closed with stitches, and you’ll be moved to the recovery ward to begin the initial healing process.
Risks and complications
As with any surgical procedure, ankle arthroscopy carries certain risks. Common risks include bleeding, infection, and allergic reactions to anaesthesia. Specific to this procedure, there is a potential risk of nerve damage, persistent stiffness, or swelling after surgery.
Patients with underlying medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders or a weakened immune system, may face a slightly higher risk of complications. It’s essential to provide your surgeon with a full medical history, including any medications (especially blood thinners), to help reduce these risks. Following your pre-operative instructions carefully will support a safer, smoother recovery.
After surgery
Following your procedure, your ankle will be bandaged and protected for about two weeks. You won’t feel pain during the surgery itself due to anaesthesia, but some discomfort and swelling are normal in the days that follow.
To aid recovery, you may be advised to use crutches or a walking boot to keep weight off the ankle. Elevating your foot whenever possible can help reduce swelling.
Swelling and mild discomfort may persist for several weeks. While infections are rare, they are possible, and there’s also a small risk of blood clots. It’s important to stay in close contact with your surgical team and follow any guidance on prescribed medications.
Pain usually begins to lessen after the first week. By this time, many patients can walk short distances with support. Physical therapy is often recommended to rebuild strength, flexibility, and proper movement. You may work with a physiotherapist for up to three months as part of your rehabilitation.
Most people can return to office-based work after about two weeks. However, if your job involves physical activity, additional recovery time may be necessary.
Regular follow-up appointments and physiotherapy are key to monitoring your progress. Staying engaged with your care team will help you recover effectively and safely.
Depending on the specific procedure, most patients resume normal activities within a few weeks to several months. Full recovery typically occurs around six months after surgery.
Appointment and Treatment Plan
Initial Consultation
You’ll start by meeting with an orthopaedic specialist to talk about your ankle pain or limited mobility. After a physical exam and possibly imaging like an X-ray or MRI, your doctor will determine whether ankle arthroscopy is the right treatment for you.
Treatment Planning
If surgery is recommended, your doctor will explain the procedure, potential benefits, risks, and recovery process. Arthroscopy is commonly used to treat problems like loose cartilage, bone spurs, scar tissue, or joint inflammation that haven’t responded to non-surgical care.
Pre-Operative Assessment
Before surgery, you’ll undergo routine tests (like blood work or a physical exam) to make sure you’re fit for the procedure and anaesthesia.
Surgery Day
On the day of your surgery, you’ll receive general or regional anaesthesia. The surgeon will make a few small incisions and use a tiny camera and tools to treat the problem inside your ankle joint. It’s usually an outpatient procedure, meaning you’ll go home the same day.
Recovery
After surgery, your ankle may be placed in a soft dressing, boot, or splint. You’ll need to rest, keep your foot elevated, and use crutches for a few days to avoid putting weight on the joint. Pain and swelling are normal but manageable with medication, icing, and rest. Most patients begin walking more comfortably within 1–2 weeks and may return to work or light activity around that time. Full recovery—including return to sports or strenuous activity—typically takes 4–6 weeks, depending on your condition and activity level. Physical therapy may be recommended to help restore strength and motion.
Experts
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FAQs
Ankle arthroscopy is considered a minimally invasive surgical procedure rather than a major surgery. Unlike traditional open surgery, it involves small incisions and the use of an arthroscope, which allows for a less invasive approach. This typically results in reduced pain, faster recovery times, and minimal scarring. However, despite being less invasive, it is still a surgical intervention that requires careful planning, execution, and post-operative care. Patients should discuss the procedure’s risks and benefits with their surgeon to fully understand what to expect.
Recovery from ankle arthroscopy varies depending on the individual and the specific procedures performed. Generally, patients can expect to return to light activities within a few weeks. However, it may take several months to regain full strength and mobility. During the first few weeks, swelling and mild discomfort are common, and physical therapy is often recommended to aid recovery. Most patients can resume normal activities within three to six months, but this timeline can vary based on the extent of the surgery and the patient’s overall health.
Most patients are encouraged to start walking with support shortly after ankle arthroscopy. Initially, crutches or a special walking boot may be used to protect the surgical site and minimise weight-bearing on the ankle. As healing progresses, patients can gradually increase their walking distance and intensity. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in helping patients regain strength and mobility, ensuring a smooth transition back to walking independently. It’s important to follow your surgeon’s advice and not rush the recovery process to avoid complications.