What is sinus surgery?
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory condition of the nose and sinuses. One of the best treatments for severe cases is endoscopic sinus surgery. This procedure opens up and widens the natural openings of the nose and sinuses to relieve symptoms of nasal blockage and discharge.
CRS involves inflammation and swelling of the lining of the nose and sinuses, which causes nasal blockage and coloured mucus. Managing this swelling is key, and steroid sprays can help reduce the swollen lining and symptoms.
Although allergies do not directly cause CRS, they can worsen symptoms and complicate management, especially when coexisting with allergic rhinitis. Managing these allergies through avoidance or the use of antihistamines is crucial in treating allergy-related sinus conditions.
What are sinuses and sinus problems?
Sinuses are air-filled spaces within the bones of the face and head connected to the inside of the nose through small openings. When the sinuses become inflamed or infected, it can cause a range of symptoms, including a blocked nose, facial pressure or congestion, a runny nose, headaches, and loss of sense of smell. This condition, known as sinusitis, can significantly impact daily life by causing discomfort and impairing normal nasal function.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyps
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent condition of the nasal and sinus lining. Symptoms include nasal blockage, nasal discharge, reduced sense of smell and facial pain. Nasal polyps, which are small, round growths inside the nose, often accompany CRS. Causes of CRS can vary, including repeated nasal infections, allergic rhinitis or overreaction to airborne fungal spores. Treatment is usually long-term medication, such as steroid nasal sprays and saline rinses. If medication is not enough, endoscopic sinus surgery may be recommended to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
Before surgery, patients with chronic sinusitis often try non-surgical treatments. These may include nasal saline irrigations or sprays, as well as steroid sprays, which can help shrink the swollen lining of the nasal passages and alleviate symptoms. Many patients respond well to these treatments and may not need surgery.
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Ways to payBefore surgery
Initial consultation
The initial consultation is a crucial step in deciding whether to undergo sinus surgery. During this appointment, your surgeon will take a detailed medical history, including previous sinus infections, allergies and treatments you have tried. They will also examine your nose and sinuses and may use an endoscope to get a clear view of the inside of your nose. Imaging tests such as a CT scan may be ordered to assess the extent of sinus disease and to help plan the surgery.
Your surgeon will discuss your symptoms, such as whether you feel blocked, have a runny nose, facial pressure or reduced sense of smell. They will also evaluate for nasal polyps or other obstructions. Mention any other symptoms you may be experiencing, such as double vision or facial pain, as these can indicate more serious complications.
Based on this evaluation, your surgeon will explain the benefits and risks of sinus surgery and whether it’s the best option for you. They may recommend continuing with or adjusting current treatments, such as medication or nasal steroid sprays, before proceeding with surgery. If surgery is recommended, your surgeon will outline what to expect before, during, and after the procedure, including preparation, anaesthesia options, and recovery time.
This is also an opportunity for you to ask questions about the procedure, including possible complications such as bleeding or infection, and expected outcomes, such as relief of symptoms and improvement in quality of life. Establishing clear communication with your surgeon helps you to be well informed and comfortable with your treatment plan.
Preparing for surgery
Ensure you follow pre-operative instructions carefully to achieve the best results. Patients are usually instructed to fast, avoid solid foods and only consume clear fluids for a specific period before surgery as advised by the anaesthesiologist.
During surgery
Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a minimally invasive procedure typically performed under general anaesthesia, though local anaesthesia with sedation may be used for less extensive cases. The surgeon uses preoperative CT imaging to plan the procedure and an endoscope during surgery to visualise and access the sinus openings. This approach enhances airflow and drainage, alleviates symptoms such as sinus pressure and pain, and reduces recovery time compared to traditional open surgery.
After surgery
Immediate post-surgery care
After sinus surgery, it’s important to follow post-operative instructions to ensure a smooth recovery. Patients are usually transferred to the recovery room immediately after surgery, where they are closely monitored as they wake up from anaesthesia.
In the first few days after surgery, pain management is crucial. Patients should discuss any discomfort with their medical team to ensure proper pain management. Also, be aware of the risk of bleeding. Nosebleeds can occur after surgery, and patients should avoid strenuous physical activities to manage this risk. In some cases, packing in the nose may be necessary if bleeding occurs. Severe bleeding, including complications to the eyes and brain, should be monitored closely.
To prevent complications such as nosebleeds, patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting for at least one week. This helps to promote a smoother recovery and reduces postoperative complications.
Long-term recovery
Long-term recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery is generally good. Most patients recover well and can return to their normal activities. However, follow your surgeon’s instructions to manage potential complications and ensure a smooth recovery. Patients are advised to rest at home for 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. During this period, avoid strenuous activities and create a comfortable space to facilitate recovery and aid in healing. Also, avoid certain activities for 2 weeks, such as flying, heavy lifting, and vigorous exercise, to prevent complications.
Schedule a follow-up appointment with your surgeon to assess your recovery and monitor your condition. This ongoing care will help ensure you are healing correctly and address any concerns that may arise.
By following these guidelines, most patients can return to their normal activities and experience a good recovery.
Risks and complications
As with any surgical procedure, endoscopic sinus surgery carries certain risks and potential complications. Though rare, serious complications like orbital hematoma or CSF leak should be promptly identified and managed. In rare cases, the bone at the base of the brain can be damaged, and cerebrospinal fluid can leak into the nose. Additionally, there is a small risk of infection spreading from the sinuses to the fluid surrounding the brain, potentially causing meningitis. Due to these risks, some patients may need to stay overnight in the hospital if significant bleeding occurs during the operation.
Appointment and Treatment Plan
Initial Consultation
The surgeon reviews your history, symptoms, and may perform nasal endoscopy and order a CT scan. Risks, benefits, and alternatives are discussed.
Treatment Planning
Decision on surgery vs. continued medical therapy. Questions answered, and recovery expectations explained.
Pre-operative Preparation
Follow fasting guidelines and medication instructions from your surgeon and anaesthesiologist.
Surgery
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery is performed under general anaesthesia using an endoscope and CT-guided planning to improve sinus drainage.
Immediate Post-surgery Care
You’ll be monitored as you wake up. Expect mild bleeding and discomfort – avoid strenuous activity to prevent complications.
Long-term Recovery
Rest for 1-2 weeks. No heavy lifting, flying, or vigorous exercise for 2 weeks. Attend follow-up appointments for healing checks.
Experts
We are proud to provide patients with access to a wide range of clinicians, chosen specifically for their knowledge and reputation in their area of expertise. Our experts align with our values: putting you at the centre of your care and educating you on your options at each step of the journey. We encourage you to learn more about our clinicians and how they can help you below. As always, please contact our patient services team if you require any additional information.
We offer 3 ways to pay for your treatment
We exist to take the stress out of private healthcare.
Our payment options are designed to offer you easy access to our treatments and services. You can choose to pay on the day, spread the cost, or use your private medical insurance.
Our patient services team will guide you through the process, providing clear costs and support throughout your course of treatment so you can focus on the thing that matters most – your health.
Whether you pay in advance, spread the cost, or use your private medical insurance, rest assured you will be receiving exceptional care 365 days a year.
Pay in Advance
Even if you do not have medical insurance, you can still get quick and comprehensive access to private medical care.
We provide transparent pricing from your initial consultation to the completion of your treatment so you know where your stand, every step of the way.
We accept all major debit and credit cards, as well as Apple Pay for UK residents. Please note that we do not accept cash or cheques.
Pay monthly
Paying for your treatment at OSD Healthcare doesn’t need to mean settling the full cost in one go.
Many of our treatments have a pay monthly option that allows you to spread the cost of your treatment over 12 months with no credit checks required.
A minimum spend of £300 does apply. We’ll take your first payment upfront and then arrange a direct debit for your monthly payments thereafter. It’s that simple.
Pay using PMI
We are recognised by all major health insurance companies and with our extensive range of services, there are lots of benefits to using your insurance with us. Our patient services team is here to answer any questions you may have about using your private health insurance with us.
Please bring along your policy details including your scheme details, membership or policy number, expiry date and confirmation of eligibility to claim (i.e. your authorisation number). If you do not have these details with you, we will require payment from you on the day. Patients are liable for any amounts not settled by their insurer.
FAQs
Recovery time for sinus surgery varies from patient to patient and depends on the complexity of the procedure. Patients can typically return to their normal activities within one to two weeks. However, complete recovery, including resolution of swelling and return of normal sinus function, may take several weeks to a few months. Follow your surgeon’s post-operative care instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and address any concerns.
Sinus surgery, especially functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), is considered a relatively routine procedure with a high success rate. However, as with any surgery, it carries certain risks and potential complications like bleeding, infection and damage to surrounding structures like the eye socket and brain. Despite these risks, sinus surgery is generally safe and effective, primarily when performed by an experienced surgeon. Discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider to understand the benefits and risks.
Sinusitis, especially chronic sinusitis, can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. It causes symptoms such as nasal blockage, facial pressure, and loss of smell, which can be uncomfortable and disrupt daily activities. If left untreated, sinusitis can lead to complications, such as the spread of infection to nearby structures, including the eyes and brain. Therefore, it’s crucial to manage sinusitis effectively through medical treatments or surgery to prevent these complications and maintain overall well-being.
Pain after sinus surgery varies, but most patients experience mild to moderate discomfort rather than severe pain. Local or general anaesthetics are used during the procedure to minimise pain, and post-operative discomfort is managed with prescribed pain medications. Patients may experience some nasal congestion, pressure, and a mild headache in the days following surgery. Follow your surgeon’s pain management plan and report any severe pain or unusual symptoms immediately.